Understanding the Terrible Twos in Pet Birds Behavior
Intro
The journey of pet bird ownership can be delightful and, at times, perplexing. One pivotal phase that every bird owner must navigate is commonly referred to as the 'terrible twos.' This stage encapsulates the behavior and development fluctuations that most pet birds encounter around their second year. Often marked by notable changes, this period can challenge even experienced owners.
Understanding the behavioral dynamics during this time is crucial. Not only does it foster a solid bond between pet and owner, but it also ensures the health and well-being of the bird. In this guide, we'll explore essential aspects of avian care, from nutritional needs to emotional health, aimed at enhancing your experience as a responsible bird owner throughout these formative months.
Avian Care Basics
Caring for a pet bird goes beyond mere companionship. It encompasses a multitude of factors that contribute to the overall health and happiness of the bird. Below are key elements that underline avian care.
Importance of Proper Nutrition
A balanced diet is one of the linchpins of a healthy avian life. Birds, similar to other animals, require specific nutrients to thrive. For instance, the diet should include high-quality pellets designed for the species, a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, and appropriate seeds or grains.
Neglecting proper nutrition can lead to behavioral issues and health disorders. Nutritional imbalances during the 'terrible twos' can exacerbate these behaviors, making it less manageable for the owner.
Understanding Bird Species and Their Needs
Not all birds are alike; various species have unique needs. Cockatiels, parrots, and canaries, for example, exhibit differing temperaments and requirements. Gaining insight into the specific traits and habits of your bird breeds sets a sturdy foundation for tailored care. Simple observations can help you manage behaviors effectively through their developmental milestones.
Basics of Birds Habitat Setup
The environment significantly affects a bird's behavior. Thus, an appropriately designed habitat can reduce stress and encourage activity. Ensure your bird's cage is spacious, allows for perches, and includes toys to challenge their inquisitive nature. Proper habitat setup helps offset agitation linked to the difficult behaviors witnessed during their 'terrible twos.'
Grooming and Hygiene Tips
Just as a clean room promotes focus, a well-groomed bird fosters happiness. Establish a grooming routine. Regularly check feathers, beak, and nails for cleanliness. Bathing preferences vary by bird species, and providing opportunities for your bird to bathe or mist can go a long way in promoting hygiene and comfort.
As these practices overlap, each aspect of care should inform one another, creating a harmonious living situation for your bird.
Interacting with Your Pet Bird
Interaction shapes the relationship you have with your bird. Understanding cues and proper techniques can ease transitions during frustrating periods.
Building Trust and Connection
Trust between owners and birds facilitates better interactions. Spend time near your pet without forcing contact. Avoid sudden movements that may frighten them. These gentle steps encourage your bird to feel secure in its environment.
Training Techniques and Tips
Effective training can harness behavioral shifts positively. Positive reinforcement remains the gold standard. Use desired treats to motivate good behavior, reinforcing commands through rewards builds a productive relationship. Consistent training reduces anxiety, which can lessen tumultuous behaviors noted in 'terrible twos.'
Fun Activities for Bird Owners and Their Birds
Boredom can fuel negative behaviors around this challenging age. Engage your bird with mentally stimulating activities. Puzzle toys, didactic playcycles, or even towel play can enhance their environment, keeping noggins busy.
Recognizing Bird Cues and Behaviors
Learning to interpret your bird's behaviors is essential. Birds may show signs of frustration or discomfort in subtle ways. Becoming adept at recognizing these cues allows you to navigate issues effectively as they arise.
Gentle interactions and observations lay the groundwork for a fulfilling bond.
Emotional Well-Being of Birds
The psychological aspect of a bird's life influences its behavior significantly. Focusing on emotional well-being enacts proactive changes.
The Role of Play and Socialization
Birds are inherently social beings, in need of stimulation and companionship. Provide toys and allow social interactions, either with other birds or humans. Promoting multi-dimensional engagements can prevent boredom and dispel ill temper of the nuisances.
Enhancing Birds' Emotional Health
An enriching environment plays a pivotal role in an avian's emotional well-being. A stimulating home environment allows your bird to showcase curiosity and sides not often exhibited in rigid settings.
Assessing Bird Stress and Remedies
Recognizing stress signals remains crucial. Typical symptoms might include feathers being fluffed up, decreased social interest or aggression. Addressing the cause – often solitariness – can be a tangible remedy.
Building Strong Human-Bird Bonds
Continually crafting that bond enhances reward and companionship levels. Engaging regularly and respectfully with your bird cultivates attachment that benefits mental health.
Bird Health and Safety
Health issues can escalate during developmental junctures. Keeping a keener eye on possible problems can ensure well-being.
Common Health Issues and Prevention
Pet birds face common health challenges such as obesity and plucking. Implement preventive measures adapted to your specific species, including vitamin-rich diets or regular activities to encourage behavior that deters health issues.
Routine Veterinary Care
Birds benefit from regular vet visits to preemptively catch roaring issues. Consistently scheduled check-ups help keep your pet on track health-wise, adjusting care according to lifecycle stages.
Environmental Hazards to Avoid
It’s vital to recognize risks in their environments. Disturbing conditions include exposure to toxins, fans in sightlines, or neglect around important cleaning mentioned before.
Signs of Illness or Distress
Spotting illness at early stages improves outcomes for birds. Through vigilance, owners can identify unusual actions or conditions - coupling this with expert care often brings pets back to baseline.
Fun Facts and Quirky Insights
Nurturing your curiosity can also enrich the bond with your bird through fun facts.
Unique Traits of Popular Bird Species
Understanding unique characteristics can toggle curiosity into care. With so many species available, some have exceptional vocal trickery, and others, social intricacies.
Historical and Cultural Significance of Birds
Birds hold symbolic and practical roles in histories across cultures. Knowing their backgrounds can rekindle appreciation as caretakers while tying to 'terrible twos behaviors.
Famous Bird Owners and Their Stories
You might find inspiration through famous figures who loved birds – either as companions or in art. These affiliations build context around your personal journey as a bird owner.
By embracing knowledge offered through these sections, you gain valuable tools on navigating the intricacies of the 'terrible twos.' Through understanding, support, and active engagement, you can nurture your avian friend toward a balanced life ahead.
Prelims to Avian Development
Understanding the developmental stages of birds is essential for pet owners. This topic sets the stage for managing behaviors such as those seen during the 'terrible twos.' It is crucial for pet bird owners to recognize the significance of each phase, as birds undergo various psychological and physical changes that influence their temperament.
In many ways, appreciating avian development helps owners predict behaviors and respond appropriately. Birds, like all animals, have distinct growth charts. They pass through several formative stages, each laden with unique challenges and opportunities for interaction and bonding.
Stages of Development in Birds
Birds typically mature in stages. The life cycle begins with embryonic development followed by hatchling, fledgling, juvenile, and finally adult stages. Each phase has specific characteristics:
- Embryonic: The development within the egg encompasses crucial physical development.
- Hatchling: A baby bird experiences rapid growth, relying solely on parents for sustenance.
- Fledgling: At this stage, birds learn to fly and become increasingly independent, requiring strong guidance from both their environment and parental figures.
- Juvenile: Young birds start to mimic adult calls and behaviors, focusing on establishing their own identities.
- Adult: Full maturity reveals established behaviors and personalities. Adult birds can become repetitive or sometimes aggressive as their social dynamics solidify.
Each stage provides insights into behavior changes and emotional needs. When owners understand these developmental quirks, they can foster a nurturing environment that caters to their crucial developmental phase.
Species Variation in Behavior
Different avian species exhibit diverse behavioral patterns, influenced by their evolutionary backgrounds and natural habitats. Here's how species variation impacts avian behavior:
- Social Structure: Birds like cockatoos and budgerigars emphasize social interaction, often leading to preferences for companionship.
- Foraging Behaviors: Species such as hawks engage in solitary activities, while more social birds forage in flocks.
- Communication Styles: Some birds communicate vocally; others may display visual signals, cohesion to their species.
Recognizing specific behavioral tendencies within each species can help pet owners adjust their expectations accordingly.
By connecting avian stages with species behaviors, bird enthusiasts will develop a deeper appreciation for their pets and their unique circumstances during formation and maturing phases.
What Are the Terrible Twos?
Defining the Term
The term 'terrible twos' in pet birds represents a phase that begins between six months to two years of age, commonly when many avian species experience significant behavioral shifts. During this stage, birds often exhibit an increased sense of independence and curiosity. These characteristics can lead to behaviors that might be deemed problematic. Many owners notice changes in vocalizations, social interactions, and overall energy levels during this time.
It is important to note that this behavior is a natural part of avian development. The timing can vary depending on the species. Large parrots, such as African greys, may experience this phase more intensely than smaller species like budgerigars. Knowing this aids in setting realistic expectations for how various bird species will behave during their ‘terrible twos’.
Cognitive Development during This Phase
Cognitive development is a key element of the terrible twos. Birds in this period experience rapid brain growth and higher levels of neurological activity. This can culminate in increased problem-solving, exploration, and social behavior. Many birds become more adept at mimicking sounds and developing communication strategies, leading to enticing but sometimes disruptive vocalizations.
As cognitive functions advance, some species may also attempt to assert dominance over their environment, choosng when and how they engage with their owners. This shift can foster feelings of frustration for owners not fully prepared for these developments. Understanding that these behaviors seldom signify malice but rather stand as instinctive expressions of growth is essential. Implementing training and establishing bounderies in a consistent manner can guide the bird towards positive behaviors, rather than letting negative ones affirmed by inaction.
This phase, while potentially testing for owners, serves an important role in shaping a bird's personality and intelligence.
Common Behaviors Associated with the Terrible Twos
During the phase known as the 'terrible twos,' pet birds may exhibit a range of behaviors that can catch their owners off guard. Understanding these behaviors is essential in ensuring positive interactions and fostering a healthy pet-ownership experience. The change in behavior can stem from a mix of developmental milestones and environmental factors. It can often be puzzling, yet it provides an opportunity to strengthen the bond between the bird and its owner by managing these changes thoughtfully.
Vocalization Changes
Vocalization is one of the most pronounced behavioral changes seen during the terrible twos. Birds may suddenly become more talkative or louder than before. This increase in vocalization could be a way for them to express their mood, desires, or frustrations. For instance, a bird that previously chirped softly may now emit loud calls or mimic more spoken phrases, signaling a transition towards independence.
These vocal changes can also indicate a need for your attention. It’s crucial to observe what triggers their vocalization. Consider these key points:
- Attention-Seeking: Birds desire social interaction. Increased noise may suggest a plea for engagement.
- Mood Expression: Birds may voice their comfort, excitement, or even displeasure. Recognizing these patterns helps in understanding their feelings.
- Experimentation: Young birds often test noises. This period forms an essential part of their instinctive learning process.
Dealing with vocalization changes often requires patience. Setting specific times for social interaction can alleviate bouts of excessive noise. Owners might find beneficial strategies in acknowledgments of desirable sounds versus undesirable ones.
Aggression and Territoriality
Aggression and territorial behaviors are common and significant during this tumultuous phase of development. Birds naturally test boundaries, including their owner's response to aggressive actions. Owners might notice their pet bird becoming more assertive, pecking at hands, or defending their space. This behavior is not just for display but serves several purposes.
Understanding aggression involves identifying its roots, which can include:
- Developmental Assertion: As birds develop, they might feel the urge to assert themselves within their environment.
- Stress Response: Aggression can be a reaction to environmental stressors, such as loud noises or changes in routine.
- Natural Instincts: Birds have innate tendencies to establish territory, especially among species that socialize in flocks.
Managing aggression entails various strategies. Relaxing the environment can usually deter overly aggressive behaviors. Consider this approach:
- Redirect Attention: Use toys to shift focus away from aggressive tendencies.
- Establish Safe Spaces: Create designated areas where the bird can retreat, providing a sense of security.
- Limit Stressors: Identify potential stressors and work to reduce them, allowing birds to feel more secure in their settings.
Establishing clear boundaries is equally important during this phase. Thus, employing consistent responses leads to better obedience and understanding between pet and owner.
Fostering a deeper awareness of these behavioral elements will ultimately help owners profit from these learning experiences. Taking the time for understanding these phases can significantly yield rewards in the context of bird companionship.
Determining the Age Range for the Terrible Twos
Understanding the specific age range of the terrible twos is crucial for pet bird owners. This knowledge can help predict behavioral shifts and manage the emotional needs of these birds. Recognizing when to expect this phase allows owners to prepare themselves mentally and physically. It also aids in developing appropriate intervention strategies. Furthermore, timing is important in implementing training techniques effectively during this key developmental period.
Typical Age of Onset
The onset age for the terrible twos in pet birds typically occurs between 6 months and 2 years. This range varies depending on various species. For many parakeets, for example, this phase usually starts around 8 months old. In contrast, larger birds like African Greys may enter this phase earlier. Understanding species-specific timelines can aid owners in attributing significance to observed behaviors. Owners should be mindful that the onset might represent a growing awareness of their surroundings and social interactions.
Duration of This Phase
The duration of the terrible twos can also deviate between species and individual birds. Generally, this phase lasts from a few months up to almost a year. However, it’s important to note that some birds may exhibit traits of the terrible twos longer than others. This depends on the bird's personality and environment. A more stimulating living space might shorten the duration of disruptive behaviors. Taking careful steps in managing and interacting with your bird during this time can lead to positive outcomes, improving the owner-bird relationship.
A deeper understanding of this phase enables owners to navigate its complexities more effectively, promoting a better pet care experience.
Causes Behind the Terrible Twos
Understanding the causes behind the terrible twos in pet birds is essential for effective management and care. This phase is characterized by a host of behavioral changes influenced by numerous factors. By recognizing these causes, pet owners can anticipate potential issues, apply appropriate interventions, and foster a healthy habit formation in their birds. Ignoring these causes may result in escalated behavior problems, increased stress for both the bird and the owner, and a breakdown in the relationship between the two.
Organic Factors
Organic factors contribute significantly to behavioral changes observed during the terrible twos. As birds reach this phase, they undergo rapid physiological changes. Hormonal fluctuations can lead to symptoms of aggression and unpredictable behavior. These are not just trivial alterations; they can fundamentally affect the temperament of the bird.
For example, as a parrot transitions into this phase, its endocrine system may be dialing up hormone production along with its playfulness and sensitivity. Parrots might show increased anxiety and aggression due to this process, often reacting drastically to normal social dynamics. Knowing these organic shifts means the owner can prepare for potential irritability and redefine interactions accordingly.
Environmental Influences
The environment plays a critical role in shaping a bird’s behavior during this challenging stage. Within a household setting, stability matters—an interruption in routine or changes in the environment can trigger erratic behavior. New pets, renovations, or changes in the daily routine can heighten the stress levels of a seemingly calm bird. A careful analysis of the environment is essential.
Creating a safe and predictable atmosphere can not only alleviate stress but also promote positive behavior. Here are linguits’ to be observed:
- Spatial Changes: Inspect cage location and movement. Birds prefer predictability; a sudden shift may prompt territorial behavior.
- Noise Levels: Elevated noises can spook birds. Remove stressors, be it children playing loudly nearby or boisterous music.
- Consistency in Diet: Sudden changes in a bird’s diet can create stomach discomfort, leading to acting out. Account for sudden shifts and maintain regular feeding schedules.
Social Dynamics within Bird Communities
Birds, being social creatures, share interests in their community’s dynamics. This is especially true for species that thrive on interaction, such as budgerigars and cockatiels. During the terrible twos, the social hierarchy can influence behavior.
Peer interactions can become volatile. Confrontations among siblings or peers can increase anxieties and exacerbate aggression in this developmental stage. Keeping an eye on how birds interact with one another can yield insights into underlying concerns.
Some factors to consider regarding social dynamics include:
- Play Behavior: How the birds engage in play can dictate their social hierarchy, fueling rivalries.
- Establishing Dominance: Birds may act out to establish or maintain hierarchies within the community; monitoring these changes can offer resolutions.
- Isolation and Bonding: Not all birds thrive in environments containing multiple peers. Ensure your bird’s social needs are met based on their personality—for some, isolation can exacerbate issues.
By understanding these underlying causes, pet birds’ owners can develop appropriate responses. Addressing organic, environmental, and social factors effectively provides smoother sailing through the turbulent waters of the terrible twos. These considerations allow for informed actions to keep both the bird and owner comfortable during these transformative periods.
Effects of the Terrible Twos on the Owner-Bird Relationship
Understanding the impact of the terrible twos on the relationship between pet birds and their owners is essential. This stage of a bird's life dramatically shapes behaviors that affect daily interactions. It is during this phase that owners may see significant changes in their bird's temperament. These behaviors can range from increased vocalizations to urges for independence.
Understanding Behavioral Triggers
One must recognize the importance of identifying behavioral triggers in parrot and other pet birds during the terrible twos. Certain stimuli can provoke negative behaviors. Common triggers include:
- Changes in environment: New pets, guests, or a move can influence stress levels.
- Boredom: Lack of stimulation from toys or interaction can lead to frustration, which birds express using loud vocalizations or aggressive behavior.
- Maturity transitions: As birds grow, their natural instincts emerge. This may lead to behaviors that seem contrary to previous norms.
Recognizing these triggers helps owners to anticipate and manage behaviors rather than reacting to them.
"A keen awareness of what provokes behavior encourages constructive responses that strengthen the owner-bird bond."
Adjusting Expectations and Responses
During the terrible twos, it's crucial to adjust your expectations and responses. A shift in behaviors influences ownership dynamics. Owners might need to modify how they interact with their bird to foster a better connection during this tumultuous phase. Here are a few considerations for adjustment:
- Patience is Key: Understand that this phase is temporary. Birds need time to navigate their development.
- Choose More Positive Interaction Approaches: Look for opportunities to engage with the bird positively. Train them with love and rewards instead of only expecting good behavior on command.
- Active Observations: Take time to observe their habits and moods. Change tactics based on what seems to work better.
Adapting responses ensures a more harmonious cohabitation and may even lead to deeper relationships with the pet bird as it learns to trust its owner more.
Management Strategies for the Terrible Twos
Managing the challenging behaviors associated with the terrible twos stage in pet birds requires a comprehensive approach. Techniques are often effective when they are proactive and informed. Nurturing a pet through this tumultuous phase is critical to fostering a positive relationship between the bird and its owner. Specific strategies can provide numerous benefits, from reducing stress and frustration for both pet and owner to encouraging desirable behaviors.
Positive Reinforcement Training
Positive reinforcement training can be a powerful tool in shaping behavior in birds. This method focuses on rewarding desired behavior rather than punishing undesired actions. For pet bird owners, employing treats or praise when a bird exhibits good behavior can motivate it to repeat that behavior more often. For example, if a bird responds well to commands or stops a negative behavior when prompted, rewarding it creates a positive association with such actions. It’s essential to use rewards that are appealing to the specific bird. This strengthens the bond between owner and pet while reinforcing desirable behavior, creating a sense of trust in the bird.
Some useful practices include:
- Be Consistent: Deliver similar rewards for similar behavior every time it is demonstrated.
- Timing is Key: Provide reward immediately following desired behavior for optimal understanding.
- Gradual Increases in Difficulty: Initially reward small and easily achieved tasks, gradually introducing more complex commands or tasks.
Creating a Calming Environment
The environment plays a major role in bird behavior. A calming setting can significantly minimize stress for originating behaviors linked to the terrible twos. Ensuring the bird has recent access to essential comforts like comfortable housing, a quiet space, or minimal disruption can promote serenity. For example, positioning the bird’s cage in an area with less human traffic reduces overstimulation.
Some techniques for creating this relaxed setting include:
- Remove Loud Noises: Identify and eliminate potential loud disturbances such as sharp noises or erratic movements that could alarm the bird.
- Comfortable Temperature: Ensure that the cage is placed in a area with appropriate and consistent temperatures, avoiding too much direct sunlight or breezy areas.
- Regular Routine: Birds thrive on routine; consistent feeding and positive interaction times can create predictability which increases a sense of security.
Encouraging Healthy Socialization
During the terrible twos, social behavior can become unpredictable. Encouraging healthy socialization not only prevents aggressive behavior but also fosters confidence in the bird. Daily interactions with family and even controlled interactions with other animals can decrease a bird’s anxiety. However, it’s important to carefully monitor these situations to ensure interactions do not become overwhelming.
Important elements of facilitating this socialization include:
- Supervised Introductions: Always supervise interactions with new people or pets to prevent overly aggressive responses.
- Variety of Exposures: Frequently expose the bird to different environments—challenges like outings in controlled spaces build adaptability and comfort.
- Playtime and Interaction: Worming each session of playtime should be positive, using toys and activities for social engagement which makes the experience enjoyable.
Effective management during the terrible twos in birds ultimately contributes to the bird's long-term behavioral stability and strengthens the owner-pet bond.
In summary, actionable management strategies during this demanding Training phase can help mitigate difficulties, enabling a nurturing relationship to flourish.
The Role of Expert Guidance
The journey through the 'terrible twos' of pet birds can be a tumultuous period for both owner and bird. During this time, many are often unsure of how to effectively manage the behavioral changes observed in their feathered companions. This is where expert guidance plays a crucial role. Consulting skilled professionals such as avian veterinarians or avian behaviorists can provide valuable insights that promote understanding and reshaping of pet behaviors. Their expertise can assist pet owners in identifying underlying issues and applying strategies tailored to individual bird needs.
Expert guidance is also useful in yielding long-term benefits. It can help reduce stress for both pet and owner. With professionals involved, pet owners can feel more empowered to apply different techniques safely and effectively. Specifically, it opens a dialogue regarding health concerns, behavioral coping mechanisms, and overall well-being in birds navigating this challenging life stage.
When to Consult an Avian Veterinarian
Identifying when to turn to an avian veterinarian becomes essential during the 'terrible twos.' It is not just about observing behavioral shifts; it is important to rule out underlying health complications that could be influencing your bird's behavior. Here are some key indicators:
- Sudden changes in habits: If your bird suddenly becomes more aggressive or displays new vocalization patterns, a check-up is in order.
- Physical symptoms: Any signs of illness, such as changes in diet, droppings, or weight loss should prompt a visit.
- Extended behavioral issues: If challenging behaviors persist beyond the typical phase, expert evaluation is recommended.
Timely attention to both physical and psychological aspects aids in preventing severe health issues later.
Utilizing Avian Behaviorists
Engaging an avian behaviorist represents another significant step in navigating the 'terrible twos.' These specialists have trained backgrounds in animal behavior, making them uniquely equipped to address the complexities of avian psychology. Knowing when to seek their help is equally important, as they can offer tailored solutions for specific behavioral issues.
The role of an avian behaviorist typically involves:
- Conducting Behavior Assessments: These professionals will analyze the bird's environment, interactions, and human bond to identify unnecessary stressors.
- Recommending Training Strategies: They can devise methods for behavioral modification through positive reinforcement and techniques that match your specific situation.
- Helping with Socialization: Guidance on social dynamics, both with humans and other pets, can enhance the bird's approach to their surroundings.
Seeking the expertise of an avian behaviorists can make a remarkable difference in easing both the owner's and bird's experience during these developmental years.
The End
Additionally, adapting management strategies will fortify the bond between pet and owner. Implementation of positive reinforcement, changes in environment, and seeking expert help are all proactive measures that contribute to a healthier dynamic. Gathering information from behavioral research can further ease the journey, revealing potential long-term benefits when approached correctly.
The Importance of Patience and Understanding
Patience and understanding go hand in hand when addressing the hurdles that come with this developmental phase. Many pet owners quickly become discouraged, forgetting that the behavior often stems from natural instincts and not rebellion. Avian behavior, particularly during the terrible twos, is influenced by numerous factors, including cognitive development and social interaction.
When treatment is administered with calmness, birds respond better. Recognizing the emotional states and motivations behind actions can aid foreigners to avoid shock or frustration. For instance, observing the triggers leading to sudden outbursts lets owners mitigate situations before they escalate. Over time, as birds feel more secure and understood, their performance of distress-related behaviors will likely diminish. Simple practices such as giving birds time to settle after a jarring event can greatly improve overall compliance substantiall.
Future Perspectives on Bird Behavior Research
The field of avian behavior research continues to evolve. As we gain clearer insight into avian cognitive processes and emotions, the future can open up promising options for better understanding pet birds. New studies might yield fascinating revelations regarding communication, socialization, and problem-solving amongst wild and domestic species alike. Such findings will equip pet owners with more effective tools to manage behaviors, reinforcing enjoyment in ownership.
One possible direction for research includes the delve into species-specific traits that govern behavioral responses during various life stages. This could allow owners to strategize based on their specific bird's influencers. Emerging technologies using observation software may also offer fresh perspectives in identifyingc subtler behavioral cues often overlooked. Exploring forums like Reddit while conducting your own research could provide communal insights from other bird owners' experiences.
By looking closer at avian emotions and social needs, we can foster a richer ownership experience and enhance the mutual bond we share with our birds.
Active participation in these discussions can result in practical strategies and broadened horizons. Staying alert to recent advancements will undoubtedly contribute positively to the connection between bird and owner.
